Ebola deadly virus
Ebola deadly virus
Key facts
Ebola, formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a severe human disease that is often fatal.
The virus is transmitted to humans from wild animals and is spread among human groups through human-to-human transmission.
The rate of infection with Ebola is about 50% on average, but this rate ranged between 25% and 90% in the outbreaks of the past.
It is essential to involve the community in order to counteract outbreaks of disease successfully, because the quality of their control depends on the implementation of a range of interventions, namely, case management, surveillance and tracking of cases, good laboratory service, safe burial and social mobilization.
Early initiation of an individual's nurturing and healing of the symptoms of the disease will enhance survival. There is still no licensed and tested treatment to neutralize the virus, but it is preparing a wide range of blood, immune and drug therapies.
Background Information
The Ebola virus causes severe and serious illness that often kills the individual if not treated. Ebola first appeared in 1976 in two outbreaks, one in Nizra in Sudan and the other in Yamboko in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which broke out in a village near the Ebola River where the disease originated.
The outbreak in West Africa (first reported in March 2014) is the largest and most complex outbreak of Ebola since Ebola was first detected in 1976, causing more deaths and deaths than all other outbreaks combined. Fascism also spread between countries starting with Guinea and then crossing the land borders into Sierra Leone and Liberia and flying to Nigeria (by only one passenger) and the United States (by one passenger) and by land to Senegal (by another passenger (and Mali) by travelers).
The countries most affected by the outbreak, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia, have very poor health systems and lack the necessary human resources and infrastructure, as they have only emerged from a cycle of long-standing conflicts and instability. On 8 August, the Director-General of WHO declared that the outbreak was a public health emergency of international concern.
The virus subspecies include three species: the Cueva virus, the Marburg virus and the Ebola virus. Five types of viruses have been identified as: Zaire, Burundi, Sudan, Riston and Gapat Tay. The first three species, the Ebola bondipogio virus, the Ebola Zaire virus and the Ebola Sudan virus, caused the largest outbreak of outbreaks in Africa. The virus that causes the outbreak in 2014 in West Africa is Zair.
Ebola, formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a severe human disease that is often fatal.
The virus is transmitted to humans from wild animals and is spread among human groups through human-to-human transmission.
The rate of infection with Ebola is about 50% on average, but this rate ranged between 25% and 90% in the outbreaks of the past.
It is essential to involve the community in order to counteract outbreaks of disease successfully, because the quality of their control depends on the implementation of a range of interventions, namely, case management, surveillance and tracking of cases, good laboratory service, safe burial and social mobilization.
Early initiation of an individual's nurturing and healing of the symptoms of the disease will enhance survival. There is still no licensed and tested treatment to neutralize the virus, but it is preparing a wide range of blood, immune and drug therapies.
Background Information
The Ebola virus causes severe and serious illness that often kills the individual if not treated. Ebola first appeared in 1976 in two outbreaks, one in Nizra in Sudan and the other in Yamboko in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which broke out in a village near the Ebola River where the disease originated.
The outbreak in West Africa (first reported in March 2014) is the largest and most complex outbreak of Ebola since Ebola was first detected in 1976, causing more deaths and deaths than all other outbreaks combined. Fascism also spread between countries starting with Guinea and then crossing the land borders into Sierra Leone and Liberia and flying to Nigeria (by only one passenger) and the United States (by one passenger) and by land to Senegal (by another passenger (and Mali) by travelers).
The countries most affected by the outbreak, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia, have very poor health systems and lack the necessary human resources and infrastructure, as they have only emerged from a cycle of long-standing conflicts and instability. On 8 August, the Director-General of WHO declared that the outbreak was a public health emergency of international concern.
The virus subspecies include three species: the Cueva virus, the Marburg virus and the Ebola virus. Five types of viruses have been identified as: Zaire, Burundi, Sudan, Riston and Gapat Tay. The first three species, the Ebola bondipogio virus, the Ebola Zaire virus and the Ebola Sudan virus, caused the largest outbreak of outbreaks in Africa. The virus that causes the outbreak in 2014 in West Africa is Zair.
Transmission of the disease
It is believed that the fruit bats of the petropodidae species are the natural host of the Ebola virus. The Ebola virus is transmitted to human populations through contact with the blood of infected animals, their secretions, organs or other fluids, such as chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, mannests, jungle feces and porcupines found dead or dead in rain forests.
Ebola is then spread through the infection of one person to another through direct contact with the blood of the infected individual (through wounds or mucous membranes), the secretions of that individual or organs or other body fluids, and contact with surfaces and other substances contaminated with such liquids (clothes and clothing).
Health care workers are often infected with treatment for patients with suspected or confirmed cases of Ebola. This has been achieved through direct contact with patients without strict application of the disease control guidelines.
The burial ceremony in which the mourners directly touch the body of the deceased can also play a role in the transmission of the Ebola virus.
People with the disease remain susceptible to infecting others as long as their blood is contained in the virus. There is no official evidence of sexually transmitted infection, but the transmission of sexually transmitted infections can not be ruled out from patients who have been infected. There is evidence that the live Ebola virus can be isolated in semen for male circumcision for 82 days after symptom onset. To date, no evidence is available beyond the eighty-two-day period. There is no evidence of live Ebola in vaginal discharge.
Sexually Transmitted
More surveillance and research data on the risks of transgender transmission, particularly surveillance and research data on the prevalence of the virus and the transmission of semen over time, are needed. Until such data are available, and based on available evidence, FAO recommends that:
All Ebola survivors and their cohabitants should receive counseling to ensure that their sexual practices are safe until their semen examination gives a negative result twice. Survivors should be provided with condoms.
The male Ebola survivors should be able to check their sperm after 3 months of onset. The test is then available to those who come first on a positive test once a month until their sperm test results in a negative viral result twice by the reverse transcriptase test of polymerase chain reaction. A week is separated between the tests.
Abortion survivors and their sexual partners should (a) abstain from all types of sexual practices or (b) abide by safe sexual practices through the proper and permanent use of condoms until their sperm test has been given a negative result twice. If the test result is negative, survivors can safely resume their normal sexual practices without fear of Ebola transmission.
If the sperm of an Ebola survivor is not examined, he should continue to practice safe sex for 6 months after the onset of symptoms. This interval can be adjusted with additional information on the prevalence of Ebola in semen over time.
In order to give the sperm test to the survivors a negative result of Ebola twice, they should follow the rules of clean hands and good personal hygiene by washing immediately and full of soap and water after any physical contact, and after masturbation also. During this period, safe condoms should be safely handled and safely disposed of in order to avoid contact with any sperm.
All survivors, their partners and their families should be respected, respected and respected.
It is believed that the fruit bats of the petropodidae species are the natural host of the Ebola virus. The Ebola virus is transmitted to human populations through contact with the blood of infected animals, their secretions, organs or other fluids, such as chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, mannests, jungle feces and porcupines found dead or dead in rain forests.
Ebola is then spread through the infection of one person to another through direct contact with the blood of the infected individual (through wounds or mucous membranes), the secretions of that individual or organs or other body fluids, and contact with surfaces and other substances contaminated with such liquids (clothes and clothing).
Health care workers are often infected with treatment for patients with suspected or confirmed cases of Ebola. This has been achieved through direct contact with patients without strict application of the disease control guidelines.
The burial ceremony in which the mourners directly touch the body of the deceased can also play a role in the transmission of the Ebola virus.
People with the disease remain susceptible to infecting others as long as their blood is contained in the virus. There is no official evidence of sexually transmitted infection, but the transmission of sexually transmitted infections can not be ruled out from patients who have been infected. There is evidence that the live Ebola virus can be isolated in semen for male circumcision for 82 days after symptom onset. To date, no evidence is available beyond the eighty-two-day period. There is no evidence of live Ebola in vaginal discharge.
Sexually Transmitted
More surveillance and research data on the risks of transgender transmission, particularly surveillance and research data on the prevalence of the virus and the transmission of semen over time, are needed. Until such data are available, and based on available evidence, FAO recommends that:
All Ebola survivors and their cohabitants should receive counseling to ensure that their sexual practices are safe until their semen examination gives a negative result twice. Survivors should be provided with condoms.
The male Ebola survivors should be able to check their sperm after 3 months of onset. The test is then available to those who come first on a positive test once a month until their sperm test results in a negative viral result twice by the reverse transcriptase test of polymerase chain reaction. A week is separated between the tests.
Abortion survivors and their sexual partners should (a) abstain from all types of sexual practices or (b) abide by safe sexual practices through the proper and permanent use of condoms until their sperm test has been given a negative result twice. If the test result is negative, survivors can safely resume their normal sexual practices without fear of Ebola transmission.
If the sperm of an Ebola survivor is not examined, he should continue to practice safe sex for 6 months after the onset of symptoms. This interval can be adjusted with additional information on the prevalence of Ebola in semen over time.
In order to give the sperm test to the survivors a negative result of Ebola twice, they should follow the rules of clean hands and good personal hygiene by washing immediately and full of soap and water after any physical contact, and after masturbation also. During this period, safe condoms should be safely handled and safely disposed of in order to avoid contact with any sperm.
All survivors, their partners and their families should be respected, respected and respected.
Symptoms of Ebola
The duration of incubation, ie, from the moment of infection to the onset of symptoms, varies from 2 to 21 days. The person can not transmit the disease until it shows its symptoms. The first is the sudden onset of debilitating fever, muscle pain, headache and sore throat followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, kidney and liver dysfunction and, in some cases, internal and external hemorrhages Blood from the gums and blood out in the stool). Laboratory results show a decrease in the number of white blood cells and platelets and a rise in liver secretion rates of enzymes.
Diagnosis of the disease
It can be difficult to distinguish Ebola from other infectious diseases, such as malaria, typhoid fever and meningitis, but confirming the symptoms of HIV infection is possible by following the following investigations:
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Antigen detection tests
Test of serological rectification
Reverse transcriptase assay for polymerase chain reaction
Electronic microscopy
Isolate the virus by cell culture.
Samples taken from patients pose serious biological risks; laboratory tests should be carried out for non-disabled samples under the most extreme conditions of biological isolation.
Treatment and vaccines
Early initiation of an individual's nurturing and re-treatment of his or her symptoms in particular will enhance survival. There is still no licensed and tested treatment against Ebola, but is currently evaluating a wide range of potential treatments, including blood products, immune system treatments and drugs. There are currently no licensed vaccines against the disease, but two potential vaccines are being tested for safety.
Prevention and control of disease
The quality of disease outbreak control depends on the implementation of a range of interventions: case management, surveillance and tracking of case-mates, good laboratory service, safe burial and social mobilization. It is necessary to involve the local community in order to successfully combat disease outbreaks. And to sensitize individuals about the risk factors for Ebola infection and prevention measures that they can take from effective means to reduce the rate of transmission of human infection. The following are several factors to focus on:
Reduce the risk of disease transmission from wild animals to humans resulting from contact with fruit bats or monkeys / infected mice infected with the disease and eating raw meat. Animals should be treated with gloves and other appropriate protective clothing, and their products should be cooked well (blood and meat) before ingestion.
Reduce the risk of human-to-human transmission of direct or intimate contact with patients who show symptoms of Ebola, especially their body fluids. Gloves and protective equipment should be worn when caring for infected patients at home. Hand-washing is required after visits to patients in the hospital, as well as after care of patients at home.
Reducing the risk of potential sexual transmission, since the risk of sexually transmitted infection can not be ruled out. Ebola, male or female, should refrain from all forms of sex (including abstinence from anal sex) And abstinence from oral sex) for at least three months after the onset of symptoms. If it is not possible to abstain from sex, it is recommended in this case to use a condom or female. Avoid contact with body fluids, and it is recommended to wash with soap and water. WHO does not recommend the isolation of male or female male patients whose blood test has been given a negative result of the Ebola virus.
The duration of incubation, ie, from the moment of infection to the onset of symptoms, varies from 2 to 21 days. The person can not transmit the disease until it shows its symptoms. The first is the sudden onset of debilitating fever, muscle pain, headache and sore throat followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, kidney and liver dysfunction and, in some cases, internal and external hemorrhages Blood from the gums and blood out in the stool). Laboratory results show a decrease in the number of white blood cells and platelets and a rise in liver secretion rates of enzymes.
Diagnosis of the disease
It can be difficult to distinguish Ebola from other infectious diseases, such as malaria, typhoid fever and meningitis, but confirming the symptoms of HIV infection is possible by following the following investigations:
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Antigen detection tests
Test of serological rectification
Reverse transcriptase assay for polymerase chain reaction
Electronic microscopy
Isolate the virus by cell culture.
Samples taken from patients pose serious biological risks; laboratory tests should be carried out for non-disabled samples under the most extreme conditions of biological isolation.
Treatment and vaccines
Early initiation of an individual's nurturing and re-treatment of his or her symptoms in particular will enhance survival. There is still no licensed and tested treatment against Ebola, but is currently evaluating a wide range of potential treatments, including blood products, immune system treatments and drugs. There are currently no licensed vaccines against the disease, but two potential vaccines are being tested for safety.
Prevention and control of disease
The quality of disease outbreak control depends on the implementation of a range of interventions: case management, surveillance and tracking of case-mates, good laboratory service, safe burial and social mobilization. It is necessary to involve the local community in order to successfully combat disease outbreaks. And to sensitize individuals about the risk factors for Ebola infection and prevention measures that they can take from effective means to reduce the rate of transmission of human infection. The following are several factors to focus on:
Reduce the risk of disease transmission from wild animals to humans resulting from contact with fruit bats or monkeys / infected mice infected with the disease and eating raw meat. Animals should be treated with gloves and other appropriate protective clothing, and their products should be cooked well (blood and meat) before ingestion.
Reduce the risk of human-to-human transmission of direct or intimate contact with patients who show symptoms of Ebola, especially their body fluids. Gloves and protective equipment should be worn when caring for infected patients at home. Hand-washing is required after visits to patients in the hospital, as well as after care of patients at home.
Reducing the risk of potential sexual transmission, since the risk of sexually transmitted infection can not be ruled out. Ebola, male or female, should refrain from all forms of sex (including abstinence from anal sex) And abstinence from oral sex) for at least three months after the onset of symptoms. If it is not possible to abstain from sex, it is recommended in this case to use a condom or female. Avoid contact with body fluids, and it is recommended to wash with soap and water. WHO does not recommend the isolation of male or female male patients whose blood test has been given a negative result of the Ebola virus.
Fighting disease infection in health care institutions:
Health care professionals should continue to take standard precautions when providing care to patients, regardless of the diagnosis of the default patients. Hedges include basic hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (prevention of spray volatilization or other contact with carriers) and safe practices in the field of patient injection and burial.
Health care workers caring for or ensuring that they are infected with the Ebola virus must have additional infection control measures to avoid contact with patients' blood, body fluids, surfaces or contaminated materials, such as clothing and furnishings. When health care workers are very close to a patient with Ebola (1 meter), they should wear masks that protect their faces (visor shield, medical mask and goggles) and a clean, non-sterile, long-sleeved gown and gloves (sterile gloves in some procedures) ).
Laboratory workers are also at risk. Trained personnel should handle human or animal samples for the purpose of verifying their pregnancy for Ebola infection and should be treated in laboratories equipped with the necessary equipment.
WHO response
The organization seeks to prevent Ebola outbreaks by maintaining surveillance of Ebola and supporting vulnerable countries in order to develop preparedness plans. General guidance on the control of Ebola and Marburg outbreaks is contained in the publication Ebola and Marburg Pandemic: Pandemic Preparedness, Pandemic Alerting, Control and Assessment.
Health care professionals should continue to take standard precautions when providing care to patients, regardless of the diagnosis of the default patients. Hedges include basic hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (prevention of spray volatilization or other contact with carriers) and safe practices in the field of patient injection and burial.
Health care workers caring for or ensuring that they are infected with the Ebola virus must have additional infection control measures to avoid contact with patients' blood, body fluids, surfaces or contaminated materials, such as clothing and furnishings. When health care workers are very close to a patient with Ebola (1 meter), they should wear masks that protect their faces (visor shield, medical mask and goggles) and a clean, non-sterile, long-sleeved gown and gloves (sterile gloves in some procedures) ).
Laboratory workers are also at risk. Trained personnel should handle human or animal samples for the purpose of verifying their pregnancy for Ebola infection and should be treated in laboratories equipped with the necessary equipment.
WHO response
The organization seeks to prevent Ebola outbreaks by maintaining surveillance of Ebola and supporting vulnerable countries in order to develop preparedness plans. General guidance on the control of Ebola and Marburg outbreaks is contained in the publication Ebola and Marburg Pandemic: Pandemic Preparedness, Pandemic Alerting, Control and Assessment.
Ebola deadly virus
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janvier 11, 2019
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Reviewed by منوعات
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janvier 11, 2019
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